Jennifer Amaral published an article on the “Characterization of impact pile driving signals during installation of offshore wind turbine foundations” in the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. The article analyzes acoustic measurements collected with funding from the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management and in conjunction with the University of Rhode Island and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution during pile driving for the foundations at the first offshore wind farm in U.S. waters. Metrics of rise and decay time, pulse duration, kurtosis, and sound pressure levels were characterized to investigate the impulsiveness of the pile driving signal over range. Variations in the radiated sound field were observed along different azimuths and were further investigated through finite element modeling.
The following article appeared in The Journal of the Acoustical Society America Vol. 147, Issue 4, and may be found here.